背景技术 Background technique

[0002] 近年来，随着纳米技术的不断兴起，纳米颗粒的制备受到人们的广泛关注。 [0002] In recent years, with the rise of nanotechnology, nano particles widespread attention. 贵金属由于其特有的光学、电学、医药学等领域具有的特性一直是纳米领域的热点。 Precious metal because of its unique field optical, electrical, medicine and other properties have been a hot field of nanotechnology. 钯作为常见贵金属中的一种，由于其本身的特性而在储氢材料、导电浆料、多相催化材料等方面具有广泛应用。 Precious metal palladium as a common one, because of its own characteristics and has wide applications in hydrogen storage materials, conductive paste, heterogeneous catalytic materials. 尤其在催化方面，钯纳米颗粒被广泛用做汽车尾气的低温还原的主要催化剂以及Suzuki偶合等反应的催化剂。 Especially in catalysis, palladium nanoparticles are widely used as a major catalyst for automotive exhaust catalyst temperature reduction and the like Suzuki coupling reaction. 对纳米颗粒而言，其表观性能与纳米粒子的大小、形状、组成和结构密切相关。 Nanoparticles, it is closely related to its performance and the apparent size of nanoparticles, shape, composition and structure. 目前，关于制备钯纳米颗粒的常见方法包括3种:物理法、化学法和生物法。 Currently, a common method for preparing palladium nanoparticles include three kinds: physical, chemical and biological methods. 物理法原理简单，所得产品杂质较少，但制得的颗粒尺寸分布相对较宽，仪器要求高，生产成本高等，因此对纳米材料的形貌控制有限。 Physical method is simple, less impurities resulting product, but to obtain a relatively wide particle size distribution, equipment requirements, production costs higher, therefore limited nanomaterials morphology control. 化学法是目前应用最多的一种合成方法，操作简单，颗粒尺寸和形状可控性最好，不足之处在于制备的过程需要添加一些保护剂或成形剂，导致对环境污染比较严重。 Chemical method is currently the most widely used method of synthesis, simple, controllable particle size and shape is best, inadequate preparation that needs to add some protective agent or forming agent, leading to more serious environmental pollution. 生物法主要包括微生物还原法和植物生物质还原法。 Biological methods include microbial reduction and plant biomass reduction. 生物法反应温和，来源广泛，不需要添加其他保护剂，制得的纳米颗粒稳定，环境友好，越来越受到人们的关注。 Biological mild reaction, wide variety of sources, without adding additional protection agents, the resulting nanoparticles stable and environment-friendly, more and more people's attention. 相较于微生物法菌种培养的繁琐，植物质的来源更为广泛易得。 Microbiological method cumbersome compared to the seed culture, a source of plant material more widely and easy to get.

[0003] 关于采用植物生物质还原获得钯纳米颗粒的报道很多，如Lishan Jia通过栀子苷水提液获得钮纳米颗粒(Jia L, Zhang Q, Li Q, et al.The b1synthesis ofpalladium nanoparticles by ant1xidants in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: longlifetime nanocatalysts for p-nitrotoluene hydrogenat1n[J].Nanotechnology，2009，20(38):1-10.XMallikarjuna报道了采用茶叶或者咖啡提取液还原获得钯纳米颗粒(Nadagouda MN, Varma RS.Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticlesat room temperature using coffee and tea extract[J].Green Chemistry，2008，10(8):859), M.Sathishkumara通过锡兰肉桂树皮提取物还原也获得了钯纳米颗粒(Sathishkumar Mj Sneha K, Kwak IS,et al.Phyto-crystallizat1n of palladiumthrough reduct1n process using Cinnamom zeylanicum bark extract[J].J HazardMater, 2009，171(1-3):400-404.)，但已有的关于植物法还原获得钯纳米颗粒主要以球形颗粒为主，关于合成制备销三角片的相关报道较少，Yujie X1ng通过添加PVP在乙二醇的还原下得到了纳米销三角片(X1ngY，McLellan JMj Chen Jj et al.KineticallyControlled Synthesis of Triangular and Hexagonal Nanoplates of Palladium andTheir SPR/SERS Properties [J].JAm Chem Soc，2005，127 (48): 17118-17127.)，发现在可见光区钯三角片表现出表面等离子体共振现象，可以作为表面拉曼反应的活性基质。 [0003] reported on the use of plant biomass obtained by reduction of palladium nanoparticles many, such as Lishan Jia Geniposide by water extract obtained button nanoparticles (Jia L, Zhang Q, Li Q, et al.The b1synthesis ofpalladium nanoparticles by ant1xidants in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: longlifetime nanocatalysts for p-nitrotoluene hydrogenat1n [J] .Nanotechnology, 2009,20 (38): 1-10.XMallikarjuna reported the use of tea or coffee extract obtained by reduction of palladium nanoparticles (Nadagouda MN, Varma RS. Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticlesat room temperature using coffee and tea extract [J] .Green Chemistry, 2008,10 (8): 859), M.Sathishkumara by Ceylon cinnamon bark extract also received a reduction of palladium nanoparticles ( Sathishkumar Mj Sneha K, Kwak IS, et al.Phyto-crystallizat1n of palladiumthrough reduct1n process using Cinnamom zeylanicum bark extract [J] .J HazardMater, 2009,171 (1-3):. 400-404), but there are about Reductive plant palladium nanoparticles obtained mainly spherical particles based less on synthesis pin triangular piece of relevant reports, Yujie X1ng by adding PVP reduction in ethylene glycol to obtain nano pin triangle (X1ngY, McLellan JMj Chen Jj et al.KineticallyControlled Synthesis of Triangular and Hexagonal Nanoplates of Palladium andTheir SPR / SERS Properties [J] .JAm Chem Soc, 2005,127 (48):. 17118-17127), found in the visible region of palladium triangle exhibit surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, can be used as a surface reaction of the Raman active substrate.